Angiotensin and pain

The role of the renin-angiotensin system in human pain is a complicated and controversial field, partly due to the complexities of the system itself, but also because of the diverse ways in which pain functions. Here, we focus on what is known about the angiotensins in pathological pain and describe the ongoing attempts to identify candidate modulators of clinical significance. Systemic angiotensin agonists and antagonists have effects in a number of neuropathic ailments, including some of the most medically intractable conditions, such as endocrine disorders, cancer, myopathies, and viral infections (such as COVID-19), apart from direct damage to the nervous system. These arise due to multiple physiological processes involving both neural and nonneural pathways that could be overcome with future research. In summary, it is clear that the angiotensins acting through their different receptors exercise both algesic and analgesic effects, but less clear how this diversity of responses arises. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Novel 4-chloro-N-phenyl Benzamide Derivatives as p38α Mitogenactivated Protein Kinase Inhibitors for Treating Cancer, COVID-19, and Other Diseases.

The present disclosure relates to p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and the use of the p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating various diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and acute lung injury (ALI).

The Pathological Culprit of Neuropathic Skin Pain in Long COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series.

Cutaneous neurosensory symptoms have become increasingly reported findings in COVID-19; however, these virus-related manifestations are largely overlooked, and their pathology is poorly understood. Moreover, alterations of skin sensibility currently recognize no clear histopathology substrate. The purpose of this study was to provide pathology evidence of neurosensory skin system involvement in COVID-19 patients complaining of subjective neurological symptoms affecting the skin. Out of 142 patients, six long COVID-19 cases complaining of cutaneous subjective neurological symptoms assessed on an NTSS-6 questionnaire underwent histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of skin areas affected by paroxysmal diffuse burning and itching sensations. Two patients also performed electroneurography examination. The histology investigation showed hypertrophic glomus vascular bodies with hypertrophic S100+ perineural sheath cells and adjacent hypertrophy of the nerve branches associated with increased basophil polysaccharide matrix. Electroneurography revealed disturbances of A-delta and C dermal neuronal fibers. The main limitation of this study consisted of a limited number of skin biopsy samples, requiring further investigation. Histopathology findings are consistent with hypertrophy of nerve endings, suggesting a condition such as "dermal hyperneury", a recently reported small nerve hypertrophy condition affecting sensory C fibers. Such a neuropathic basis could explain dysesthesia experienced by the patients, as previously described in postherpetic neuralgia.

Let's Look at Cannabis from This Angle: COVID-19

Cannabis sativa (Can nabis=hemp) contains cannabinoid-derived main components. Cannabinoids exert biological effects by stimulating cannabinoid receptors distributed throughout the body. Cannabis products affect various systems in the body such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous and immune systems. They show analgesic, antiemetic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antitussive and cardioprotective effects. COVID-19 affects different organ systems in the body and causes symptoms depending on the mutation, such as dry cough, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and sense of smell. In this article, effectiveness of C. sativa and its components on COVID-19 have been evaluated, based on the fact that components or the extracts can affect the whole body due to cannabinoid receptors. Although cannabis and its components have potential beneficial effects for the entry of COVID-19 through the receptors into the body and the symptoms, further studies are needed for their safe use. Appropriate formulation and administration routes should be determined to eliminate the side effects and risk of addiction.